![]() Due to these advancements, human team member roles are transitioning to more communication-based interactions supporting larger goals and intentions rather than direct control or teleoperation of the system. Human-agent teaming is a critical area of research because technological advancements are reaching the point where machines are able to make both independent and interdependent decisions. Path analysis techniques were used to quantify human decision-making as well as provide implications for bidirectional communication. Two trials were completed to compare path planning for the condition of known versus unknown information. Each level of the game increased in environmental complexity through the number of boxes. ![]() Thirty participants completed an online game where they controlled a human avatar through a 14 × 14 grid room in order to move boxes to their target locations. For this work, we are specifically characterizing human decision-making, especially in terms of the variability of decision-making, with the eventual goal of incorporating this model within a bidirectional communication system. Therefore, the effectiveness of the team is contingent on the accuracy of the models of human behavior that can be informed by transparent bidirectional communication which are needed to develop common ground and a shared understanding. However, if human behavior does not match the robots’ models or expectations, there can be a degradation in trust that can impede team performance and may only be mitigated through explicit communication. A goal for future robotic technologies is to advance autonomy capabilities for independent and collaborative decision-making with human team members during complex operations.
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